Donkeys are social animals that thrive on interaction and mental engagement. And, while they share some behavioural similarities with horses, donkeys have their own distinct social and cognitive needs. Socialization and mental stimulation are essential for their well-being.
In this post, we’ll explore the importance of companionship, environmental enrichment, and gentle handling techniques.
Donkey BFFs
At the DSC, we’ve long observed that our donkeys form deep, lasting bonds with a specific companion, whether that’s a fellow donkey or another barnyard friend, in some cases becoming inseparable (Cookie and her best friend Butter come to mind—see the photo below). These close friendships are vital to their emotional health and provide comfort and security. Unlike horses, which may rely on a herd hierarchy, donkeys develop strong pair bonds. So, it’s important to make sure that donkeys have a companion, whether another donkey, a compatible equine, or, yes, even a friendly goat (just ask Cookie!).
Paired donkeys: Many of the residents at the DSC have a particular donkey or mule friend with whom they share a special connection. These paired animals are often seen grazing together, resting side by side, or just hanging out near each other. Such bonds highlight the depth of their social needs and the importance of maintaining these relationships.
Activities for active minds
Donkeys are intelligent animals that require mental stimulation to prevent boredom and associated behavioural issues. Providing a variety of enrichment activities can help keep their minds active and prevent potential issues such as destructive behaviours or depression.
Enrichment ideas:
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- Puzzle feeders: Use slow feeders or treat-dispensing toys. These can encourage natural foraging behaviour and keep donkeys engaged.
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- Obstacle courses: Set up simple obstacle courses to provide physical and mental challenges. Donkeys enjoy navigating through and around obstacles, which can also be a fun way to exercise them.
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- Sensory enrichment: Keep it new! Introduce new objects or smells to their environment, such as different types of safe plants, scents, or toys. Variety stimulates their curiosity and prevents monotony.
(We love these photos, below, from one of Host Farms featuring Chevy and Stryker with puzzle feeders and checking out some new stuff in their environment!)
Gentle handling, positive reinforcement
Handling donkeys is always best done with a gentle approach, as they are naturally cautious animals. There is a common misconception that donkeys are stubborn; however, this is a myth. In reality, donkeys are intelligent, thoughtful creatures who prioritize self-preservation, their safety and well-being. While horses may respond to more direct training methods, donkeys are discerning and will not be coerced into situations they perceive as unsafe or unsuitable.
The stubbornness myth: The stereotype of stubbornness attributed to donkeys is actually a reflection of their intelligence and powerful sense of self-preservation. Donkeys carefully assess situations before acting, which can make them appear slow or uncooperative. However, this behaviour is simply a testament to their thoughtful nature. They need time to build trust and confidence, so patience is key.
Handling Tips:
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- Consistency and patience: Given their cautious nature, donkeys respond well to consistent routines and patient, calm handling. They take time to evaluate and develop trust of new experiences.
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- Respect their space: Donkeys appreciate handlers who respect their personal space and allow them to initiate interaction.
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- Training sessions: Use positive reinforcement, such as treats (be mindful of calories!) or praise, to encourage desired behaviours. Donkeys are quick learners when motivated by positive experiences, and they enjoy participating in training when they feel safe and understood.
Recognizing stress or boredom (and what to do about it)
Just like people, donkeys can experience stress or boredom if their social and mental needs are not met. Signs of stress in donkeys may include pacing, vocalizing more than usual, or displaying signs of aggression or withdrawal.
If you notice these behaviours, it may be time to reassess their environment and daily routine. Introducing new enrichment activities, ensuring they have a compatible companion, or simply spending more time with them can help alleviate these issues.
We love this guide from the (UK) Donkey Sanctuary about environmental enrichment—it’s jammed full of ideas and well worth the read.
